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Hodological space

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Original article: w:Hodological space

호돌로지의 공간(Hodological space, "길"을 의미하는 그리스 단어 hodos에서 유래)은 가능한 움직임의 공간을 참조합니다.[1] 직선과는 달리, 이 공간은 가장-짧은 거리, 보안, 최소 작업, 및 최대 경험을 포함하는 다른 도메인의 타협으로 역할을 하는 소위 "선호된 경로"를 포함합니다.[1]

Background

독일 심리학자 쿠르트 레빈(Kurt Lewin)은 20세기 초에서 이 개념을 처음 소개했습니다. 그것은 심리적(psychological) 문제를 다루기 위해 수학적 개념을 사용하려는 그의 시도에서 나타났었고 알베르트 아인슈타인의 "필드 공간"의 개념과 현대 토폴로지 이론으로부터 수학을 기반으로 했습니다.[2] 레빈은 이 측정 시스템을 그 필드의 동역학적 및 벡터의 관점을 포함하도록 심리학에서 구조와 위치의 비정량적이지만 수학적 표현을 확장하기 위해 사용했습니다.[3] 그 당시에, 토폴로지(topology)는 새로운 분야였습니다. "어느 정도까지, 점들 사이의 가능한 경로를 통해 정의되는 일종의 공간을 사용하여 일반적인 수학적 해를 제공하는 것이 가능하고, 우리는 이것를 '호돌로지의 공간'이라고 부를 수 있습니다". 오토 프리드리히 볼노우(Otto Friedrich Bollnow)는 레빈의 개념을 더욱 다듬고 호돌로지의 공간을 동차인 어떤 것이 아니고 미리-결정된 것이 아닌 것으로 설명했는데 왜냐하면 그것은 우리가 공간을 통과할 때 즉흥적으로 표현되기 때문입니다.[4]

일부 저자들은 무대-위와 무대-밖 영역을 연결하는 스케네(skene) 구조; 에키클레마(ekkyklema), "인사이드-아웃" 공개를 허용하는 장치; 및 거리로 이어지는 및 거리로부터 이어지는 아이소도이(eisodoi)와 같은 고대 그리스 극장의 요소들과 호돌로지의 공간의 친화성을 인용합니다.[5]

질 들뢰즈(Gilles Deleuze)에 따르면, 호돌로지의 공간은 힘, 대항 힘, 및 장력의 필드가 목표에 따라 해결될 때 감각상의-원동력 스키마를 구체적으로 유지합니다.[6]

Concept

A penetrable space can be perceived in two different ways: navigable and navigated.[4] The navigated perception is realized by the hodological space while the former by ambient space.[4] According to this conceptualization, we do not move within a hodological space but that it is created once we move through an ambient space.[4] The space is interpreted as "lived" and is distinguished from the Euclidean space, which is considered "represented". It is, thus, analogous to "seeing an object and making the hodological leap from this actuality to its virtual potentiality of the past in forming the sensory-motor connection."[6]

Hodological space is articulated by a nonquantitative, mathematical analysis that does not necessarily involve the consideration of distance.[7] Here, the distance of points A and B in terms of such space may be different from the distance from B to A. This could happen in certain instances such as when one feels that the distance from home to school is greater or shorter than the distance from school to home.[7]

Hodological space is described as more general than the space of Euclid and Riemann [see metric space], but not as general as topological space, in which it is not possible to define distances or directions."[8] It is noted that Lewin's conceptualization was more mental rather than a physical typology.[6] According to Gilles Deleuze, the hodological space concretely holds the sensory-motor schema as the field of forces, oppositions, and tensions are resolved according to their goals.[6] Drawing from Lewin's idea that hodological space is equated with conscious and planned movement across measurable Euclidean space, he believed that it can be applied to the ability to judge actions in moral terms.[9] Deleuze also put forward the concept of time-image, which transpires prior to hodological space.[10]

Applications

Hodological space can be applied to different fields. For example, in the fields of literature and film, it typifies a narration or a speech that is referred to as "economical" allowing for the simplest route or an appropriate detour.[6] According to Deleuze, hodological space addresses the issue of overlapping perspectives so that a given object can be effectively grasped.[11]

Jean-Paul Sartre also used the concept of hodological space to explain his notion that consciousness is embodied. It is the basis of his argument that the individual is characterized through intentional and goal-directed activity - that goals or valences are positive if agents are drawn to them and negative if they are avoided.[12]

In psychology, hodological space may be used to explain personal causality and the goal of being in a certain state or producing an effect.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b Pérez-Gómez, Alberto; Parcell, Stephen (1999). Chora 3: Intervals in the Philosophy of Architecture. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 26. ISBN 0773517111.
  2. ^ Edling, Christofer; Rydgren, Jens (2011). Sociological Insights of Great Thinkers: Sociology Through Literature, Philosophy, and Science. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-313-38470-7.
  3. ^ Valsiner, Jaan (2011). Thinking in Psychological Science: Ideas and Their Makers. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. p. 259. ISBN 9780765803481.
  4. ^ a b c d McMurtrie, Robert James (2017). The Semiotics of Movement in Space. New York: Routledge. p. 41. ISBN 9781138191716.
  5. ^ Rehm, Rush (2009). The Play of Space: Spatial Transformation in Greek Tragedy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 270. ISBN 0691058091.
  6. ^ a b c d e Batcho, James (2018). Terrence Malick’s Unseeing Cinema: Memory, Time and Audibility. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 69. ISBN 9783319764207.
  7. ^ a b Weiner, Bernard (1985). Human Motivation. New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 147. ISBN 9781461295600.
  8. ^ Levin, Kurt (1933). "Vectors, cognitive processes, and Mr. Tolman's criticism". Journal of General Psychology. 8 (2): 318–345.
  9. ^ Vhoi, Jinhee; Frey, Mattias (2014). Cine-Ethics: Ethical Dimensions of Film Theory, Practice, and Spectatorship. Oxon: Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 9780415821254.
  10. ^ Deamer, David (2016). Deleuze's Cinema Books: Three Introductions to the Taxonomy of Images. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-4744-0767-0.
  11. ^ Deleuze, Gilles (2005). Cinema II. Translated by Tomlinson, Hugh; Galeta, Robert. A&C Black. p. 125. ISBN 9780826477064.
  12. ^ Gordon, Ḥayim (1999). Dictionary of Existentialism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 93. ISBN 0-313-27404-5.
  13. ^ Heider, F. (2013). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: Psychology Press. ISBN 978-1-134-92225-3.

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