From DawoumWiki, the free Mathematics self-learning
이것 수학적 급수의 목록은 유한과 무한 합에 대해 공식을 포함합니다. 그것은 합을 평가하기 위해 다른 도구와 결합하여 사용할 수 있습니다.
Sums of powers
파울하버의 공식(Faulhaber’s formula)를 참조하십시오.
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{m}k^{n-1}={\frac {B_{n}(m+1)-B_{n}}{n}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8e82797674c101a71a773fa28db688ccaba2e827)
처음 몇 개의 값은 다음입니다:
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{m}k={\frac {m(m+1)}{2}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/615f66562931b8bfd0238dc8ccc87b7a6e83d9e8)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{m}k^{2}={\frac {m(m+1)(2m+1)}{6}}={\frac {m^{3}}{3}}+{\frac {m^{2}}{2}}+{\frac {m}{6}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/590a25a336ef2d10df6962aee36d70dc8c623a5f)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{m}k^{3}=\left[{\frac {m(m+1)}{2}}\right]^{2}={\frac {m^{4}}{4}}+{\frac {m^{3}}{2}}+{\frac {m^{2}}{4}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/83655857c974dd27c9b29de8cda04d7c65d334e3)
제타 상수(zeta constants)를 참조하십시오.
![{\displaystyle \zeta (2n)=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{k^{2n}}}=(-1)^{n+1}{\frac {B_{2n}(2\pi )^{2n}}{2(2n)!}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/39c16e56068bfb1b7c7a16876faecbd23cae1fb9)
처음 몇 개의 값은 다음입니다:
(바젤 문제)
![{\displaystyle \zeta (4)=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{k^{4}}}={\frac {\pi ^{4}}{90}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57d340ce3e07c8d682543de1ee543ddb28dbf071)
![{\displaystyle \zeta (6)=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{k^{6}}}={\frac {\pi ^{6}}{945}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1c150edab196b63b262f0bcbb971ee895456f8e4)
Power series
Low-order polylogarithms
유한 합:
, (기하 급수)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{n}z^{k}={\frac {1-z^{n+1}}{1-z}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/791932dcfd867eb4be8b21d9777dc8a9fd808553)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n}z^{k}={\frac {1-z^{n+1}}{1-z}}-1={\frac {z-z^{n+1}}{1-z}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fbbd311a88aea26c742eac8b12d2d64fca95cdf7)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n}kz^{k}=z{\frac {1-(n+1)z^{n}+nz^{n+1}}{(1-z)^{2}}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5ba5195ab25644b0202fb60e7c30b94d044ea38d)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n}k^{2}z^{k}=z{\frac {1+z-(n+1)^{2}z^{n}+(2n^{2}+2n-1)z^{n+1}-n^{2}z^{n+2}}{(1-z)^{3}}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5274ec4b72fcd2bb8ed27ddf604ed21d8dd126f2)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n}k^{m}z^{k}=\left(z{\frac {d}{dz}}\right)^{m}{\frac {1-z^{n+1}}{1-z}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c7a59ad2bafdc84f1a2ed59d06acdf45a9cb4789)
무한 합,
에 대해 유효합니다 (다중로그를 참조하십시오):
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{n}(z)=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {z^{k}}{k^{n}}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/269bc4ebc751699b90632451c1506b0d12aef7a9)
다음은 닫힌-형식(closed form)에서 재귀적으로 낮은-정수-차수 다중로그를 계산하기 위해 유용한 속성입니다:
![{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {d} }{\mathrm {d} z}}\operatorname {Li} _{n}(z)={\frac {\operatorname {Li} _{n-1}(z)}{z}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/351a637191549347b91528e95bbf2be037723670)
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{1}(z)=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {z^{k}}{k}}=-\ln(1-z)}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/78c0907fa4e026586a3dec2121860a12c13a62c5)
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{0}(z)=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }z^{k}={\frac {z}{1-z}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/df5a61f7feaffd247a5450eba4968debd0f9bf6e)
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{-1}(z)=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }kz^{k}={\frac {z}{(1-z)^{2}}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2505cfc24d99fe2c95e297738310c1347577f017)
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{-2}(z)=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }k^{2}z^{k}={\frac {z(1+z)}{(1-z)^{3}}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d703061c9125105bede161bf3adc41091b2fb830)
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{-3}(z)=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }k^{3}z^{k}={\frac {z(1+4z+z^{2})}{(1-z)^{4}}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1c15985776b2b6a3638ec04c0bf292b81cd6b72a)
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {Li} _{-4}(z)=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }k^{4}z^{k}={\frac {z(1+z)(1+10z+z^{2})}{(1-z)^{5}}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f08ae7cc5ef199773da7054d9ba3b27aec21012d)
Exponential function
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {z^{k}}{k!}}=e^{z}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1d3c8535bc3feb0e123e11fe343171dd9d4776da)
(비고. 푸아송 분포의 평균)
(비고. 푸아송 분포의 두 번째 모멘트)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }k^{3}{\frac {z^{k}}{k!}}=(z+3z^{2}+z^{3})e^{z}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/62129fb023e2b6de038703c670c0394abdb87315)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }k^{4}{\frac {z^{k}}{k!}}=(z+7z^{2}+6z^{3}+z^{4})e^{z}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/738269671a82829e80dca30df6a8c4aa93c98653)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }k^{n}{\frac {z^{k}}{k!}}=z{\frac {d}{dz}}\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }k^{n-1}{\frac {z^{k}}{k!}}\,\!=e^{z}T_{n}(z)}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8ff42a20c13815fd8611f979983110d5f8d9b3a6)
여기서
는 투샤르 다항식(Touchard polynomials)입니다.
Trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, and inverse hyperbolic functions relationship
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}z^{2k+1}}{(2k+1)!}}=\sin z}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0eeb6209d2ef99d44eb022f43b79787eade4c648)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {z^{2k+1}}{(2k+1)!}}=\sinh z}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5eed9faf752bff168c51a2901e44421778e377b6)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}z^{2k}}{(2k)!}}=\cos z}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9386a3bfce6368adbad6c7962f37b18b9b995012)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {z^{2k}}{(2k)!}}=\cosh z}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6e495ed1e2d351c9644a9b2b9b62814f0255d911)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k-1}(2^{2k}-1)2^{2k}B_{2k}z^{2k-1}}{(2k)!}}=\tan z,|z|<{\frac {\pi }{2}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2256f274843b5a8dd7338fcd46d89457f27d39b8)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(2^{2k}-1)2^{2k}B_{2k}z^{2k-1}}{(2k)!}}=\tanh z,|z|<{\frac {\pi }{2}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b10f67088d6d4a62eee48692deda3065a9ef72f8)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}2^{2k}B_{2k}z^{2k-1}}{(2k)!}}=\cot z,|z|<\pi }](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/462f64ebe4b22d9eb36d69972a2c16259d72ea16)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {2^{2k}B_{2k}z^{2k-1}}{(2k)!}}=\coth z,|z|<\pi }](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/00bfdc23630f34df2a588dcd3f1d5c7b3c9fc6f5)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k-1}(2^{2k}-2)B_{2k}z^{2k-1}}{(2k)!}}=\csc z,|z|<\pi }](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d223384181921eadadcc9acb38bbbd886d85c7ee)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {-(2^{2k}-2)B_{2k}z^{2k-1}}{(2k)!}}=\operatorname {csch} z,|z|<\pi }](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b7564ad5932fa5f7084599d879730a4935370aab)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}E_{2k}z^{2k}}{(2k)!}}=\operatorname {sech} z,|z|<{\frac {\pi }{2}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b593907398cd4d3d157e0d4893ffe184fb1c9c67)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {E_{2k}z^{2k}}{(2k)!}}=\sec z,|z|<{\frac {\pi }{2}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/01ea5a9b6c4c1072ff899840964d463dc890e1f6)
(벌사인)
[1] (haversine)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(2k)!z^{2k+1}}{2^{2k}(k!)^{2}(2k+1)}}=\arcsin z,|z|\leq 1}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4fc3700c4addbf8311c6ff90b93ac759a750d6d8)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}(2k)!z^{2k+1}}{2^{2k}(k!)^{2}(2k+1)}}=\operatorname {arcsinh} {z},|z|\leq 1}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e915cadf00a2f6f95ccc6ae99dbf5c5b574a820b)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}z^{2k+1}}{2k+1}}=\arctan z,|z|<1}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bde385b223a3706eb46a282d932a6dc758bbd8fa)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {z^{2k+1}}{2k+1}}=\operatorname {arctanh} z,|z|<1}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/33cab9855e7ab0d8b6e59cdfe1e8e99cef53d093)
![{\displaystyle \ln 2+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k-1}(2k)!z^{2k}}{2^{2k+1}k(k!)^{2}}}=\ln \left(1+{\sqrt {1+z^{2}}}\right),|z|\leq 1}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ea418d43688db9537a8b965838306a48a90840a7)
Modified-factorial denominators
[2]
[2]
![{\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\prod _{k=0}^{n-1}(4k^{2}+\alpha ^{2})}{(2n)!}}z^{2n}+\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\alpha \prod _{k=0}^{n-1}[(2k+1)^{2}+\alpha ^{2}]}{(2n+1)!}}z^{2n+1}=e^{\alpha \arcsin {z}},|z|\leq 1}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7690094e2c29c30c517059014511d42f93f0912a)
Binomial coefficients
(이항 정리를 참조하십시오)
- [3]
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{{\alpha +k-1} \choose k}z^{k}={\frac {1}{(1-z)^{\alpha }}},|z|<1}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d69e6455c13c71f8e74ce0760ccc2f9fc11ac70d)
- [3]
, 카탈란 숫자의 생성하는 함수
- [3]
, 중앙 이항 계수의 생성하는 함수
- [3]
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{2k+\alpha \choose k}z^{k}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {1-4z}}}\left({\frac {1-{\sqrt {1-4z}}}{2z}}\right)^{\alpha },|z|<{\frac {1}{4}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/10c3c2d66060add977823b4848d7212af4b4b68f)
Harmonic numbers
(조화 숫자(harmonic numbers)를 참조하십시오, 그들 자신은
로 정의됩니다)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{\infty }H_{k}z^{k}={\frac {-\ln(1-z)}{1-z}},|z|<1}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/890b6859948e31ec717858a6a6b1582db3673345)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {H_{k}}{k+1}}z^{k+1}={\frac {1}{2}}\left[\ln(1-z)\right]^{2},\qquad |z|<1}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a1c2c3f140738f0c5c61f88f041f311fbda3a340)
[2]
[2]
Binomial coefficients
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{n}{n \choose k}=2^{n}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b30fdd28895f157a1d1f254f931879606064ce1c)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{n}(-1)^{k}{n \choose k}=0,{\text{ where }}n>0}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cbff8251984e8191c7eeeef39d0f95648c7a491e)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{n}{k \choose m}={n+1 \choose m+1}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fad96c9dbb6c1228a1f7264d6feea813478e34ea)
(중복집합(Multiset)을 참조하십시오)
(방데르몽드 항등식을 참조하십시오)
Trigonometric functions
사인과 코사인의 합은 푸리에 급수에서 발생합니다.
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\sin(k\theta )}{k}}={\frac {\pi -\theta }{2}},0<\theta <2\pi }](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e191794b1821b1f4608a4d21721396e2a705050b)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k-1}}{k}}\sin(k\theta )={\frac {\theta }{2}},-{\frac {\pi }{2}}\leq \theta \leq {\frac {\pi }{2}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34f0bb1e3910c3dfb9f5c623390e1ed52eb73187)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {\cos(k\theta )}{k}}=-{\frac {1}{2}}\ln(2-2\cos \theta )=-\ln(2\sin {\frac {\theta }{2}}),0<\theta <2\pi }](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/99ae3fd956dcceeea66b2e9b56a7f0ead838a3f5)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k-1}}{k}}\cos(k\theta )={\frac {1}{2}}\ln(2+2\cos \theta )=\ln(2\cos {\frac {\theta }{2}}),0\leq \theta <\pi }](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/35ce7f64a0b69fb11d4f874b4ef9777df9107db4)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\cos[(2k+1)\theta ]}{2k+1}}={\frac {1}{2}}\ln(\cot {\frac {\theta }{2}}),0<\theta <\pi }](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/29c25a57f2f06c2b20c62e0c4dc18fd6fc165fbb)
, [4]
[5]
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{n}\sin(\theta +k\alpha )={\frac {\sin {\frac {(n+1)\alpha }{2}}\sin(\theta +{\frac {n\alpha }{2}})}{\sin {\frac {\alpha }{2}}}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d6c9a71d157f3e6aecf7c679c9d826cf2ed78772)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{n}\cos(\theta +k\alpha )={\frac {\sin {\frac {(n+1)\alpha }{2}}\cos(\theta +{\frac {n\alpha }{2}})}{\sin {\frac {\alpha }{2}}}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ece3ee92af0be40bcb51db92ab4286a96a49064d)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n-1}\sin {\frac {\pi k}{n}}=\cot {\frac {\pi }{2n}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd1e592cdc3214ad2a61e0a4d6c8c171b9bbc237)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n-1}\sin {\frac {2\pi k}{n}}=0}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/538dd88d3f15d24a398e3f106d0a6092725fbeca)
[6]
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n-1}\csc ^{2}{\frac {\pi k}{n}}={\frac {n^{2}-1}{3}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/036c3d6e188cf05baf35356bf314e236fb5a45ed)
![{\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n-1}\csc ^{4}{\frac {\pi k}{n}}={\frac {n^{4}+10n^{2}-11}{45}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8e969e8c1e28c457892ad6902866438f84193c32)
Rational functions
[7]
![{\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{n^{2}+a^{2}}}={\frac {1+a\pi \coth(a\pi )}{2a^{2}}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ca1fc8f8afa2921f121e9d5b13b9c03a3b9f7dac)
![{\displaystyle \displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{n^{4}+4a^{4}}}={\dfrac {1}{8a^{4}}}+{\dfrac {\pi (\sinh(2\pi a)+\sin(2\pi a))}{8a^{3}(\cosh(2\pi a)-\cos(2\pi a))}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34ea360b8b510486913cfdebaa4649472238e43b)
의 임의의 유리 함수(rational function)의 무한 급수는 부분 분수 분해(partial fraction decomposition)의 사용에 의해 폴리감마 함수(polygamma function)의 유한 급수로 줄어들 수 있습니다.[8] 이 사실은 역시 유리 함수의 유한 급수에 적용될 수 있으며, 심지어 급수가 많은 항을 포함할 때에도 결과를 상수 시간(constant time)에서 계산되는 것을 허용합니다.
Exponential function
(란츠베르크–샤어 관계를 참조하십시오)
![{\displaystyle \displaystyle \sum _{n=-\infty }^{\infty }e^{-\pi n^{2}}={\frac {\sqrt[{4}]{\pi }}{\Gamma \left({\frac {3}{4}}\right)}}}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4aee717a740629f569ad7c408608acb53f1ec4bd)
See also
Notes
- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Haversine". MathWorld. Wolfram Research, Inc. Archived from the original on 2005-03-10. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
- ^ a b c d Wilf, Herbert R. (1994). generatingfunctionology (PDF). Academic Press, Inc.
- ^ a b c d "Theoretical computer science cheat sheet" (PDF).
- ^
Calculate the Fourier expansion of the function
on the interval
:
![{\displaystyle {\frac {\pi }{4}}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }c_{n}\sin[nx]+d_{n}\cos[nx]}](https://dawoum.duckdns.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3a5b6fd91cf5e77255955c2b09cdc203bcb5bf73)
- ^ "Bernoulli polynomials: Series representations (subsection 06/02)". Wolfram Research. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
- ^ Hofbauer, Josef. "A simple proof of 1+1/2^2+1/3^2+...=PI^2/6 and related identities" (PDF). Retrieved 2 June 2011.
- ^
Sondow, Jonathan; Weisstein, Eric W. "Riemann Zeta Function (eq. 52)". MathWorld—A Wolfram Web Resource.
- ^ Abramowitz, Milton; Stegun, Irene (1964). "6.4 Polygamma functions". Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. p. 260. ISBN 0-486-61272-4.
References